Sep 25, 2012 theory of learning a successful learning involves commitment of the self to language acquisition through the use of silent awareness and then active trial. In this method the teaching is done entirely in the target language. Structural approach genc major reference works wiley. The silent way found its way into classrooms following the publication of gattegnos text, also called. Although it claimed to have turned language teaching from an art to a science, it shared several aspects with the direct method. Revisiting the concepts approach, design and procedure. The goal of this method is to enable language learners to use the language to express their thoughts and feelings. As you view the scenes representative of the various methodologies, you. This involves looking at the form of tenses and vocabulary used and why certain ones were chosen, but it will depend on the language produced by the students. The silent way is usually regarded as an alternative language teaching method. It aims to foster naturalistic language acquisition in a classroom setting, and to this end it emphasises communication, and places decreased importance on conscious grammar study and explicit correction of student errors. The silent way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by caleb gattegno.
The silent way shares a great deal with other learning theories and. The audiolingual method alm gained attention in the 1950s, largely in the usa where it was rooted in the militarys need during world war ii to train large volumes of personnel in disparate languages. Language is a system for the expression of meaning communicative language teaching. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom but the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible. Il silent way metodologie di insegnamento delle lingue. Mar, 2014 language is a group of sounds with specific meanings organized by grammatical rules the silent way. This was a joint project by diane larsenfreeman and the u. Suggestopedia is a language teaching method originated in the 1970s by bulgarian psychologist georgi lozanov. As far as the presentation of language is concerned, silent way adopts a highly structural approach, with language taught through. Method of language teaching the silent way free essay. The procedure of silent way method in teaching language is giving instruction. Applying the silent way in teaching japanese language to. It has exerted a great impact by influencing many teaching methods on the area of language teaching, for example, audiolingual method, total physical response, and silent way embody the behaviorist view of language.
The silent way by mathematician caleb gattegno 19111988, famed for having put the cuisenaire. In this way they are totally involved in the analysis process. Review of teaching foreign languages in the schools. This communicative teaching style advocates a number of principles and overshadowed situational language teaching which encompassed methods such as community language learning, total physical response, suggestopedia and the silent way. As the lesson began, we saw the teacher presenting a dialogue to the class. Describe, in general terms, the linguistic theory behind the silent way. Jun 30, 2012 the silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique. Silent way is the name of a language teaching method proposed by. Silent way picture for vocabulary study experience. The learner works in isolation and communication is lacking badly in a silent way classroom. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition. Develops independence and autonomy and encourages students to cooperate with each other.
Since languages are considered different, it is essential to conduct contrastive analysis between the first language and the second language. Language is the everyday spoken utterance of the average person at normal speed audio lingual method. Broadly discussed in 1970s, humanistic way of language teaching integrates several methods. Historical overview of foreign language teaching flt methods language teaching methodology has gone a long way from being based on dogmatic beliefs about the only good way of teaching to being based on insights into processes of second language acquisition and the dynamics of the language classroom itself. The silent way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by. There are a variety of english language teaching methods followed by ages which are given below. The silent way uses a structural syllabus and concentrates on teaching a small number of functional and versatile words. As the name already suggests, the method is built upon the hypothesis that inside the classroom the teacher should be as silent as possible, whereas the studentslearners should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible, participate actively in class and in this way become autonomous learners. Theory and practice in foreign language teaching academic star.
Teaching pronunciation as a core skill using the silent way. Test your basic knowledge of language teaching methods. Gattegno believes that all human beings have enormous cognitive capabilities and that each individual is responsible for hisher own. There is a wealth of literature on the techniques and methods of the silent way. Oct 11, 2017 the silent way is the name of a method of linguistic communication learning devised by caleb gattegno. Gattegno introduced the method in 1963, in his book teaching foreign languages in schools. A method, on the other hand, is a set of procedures, i. The silent way is a language teaching approach created by caleb gattegno. It was first introduced in gattegnos book teaching foreign languages in schools. Approaches and methods in language teaching the silent way. Organizing principles richards and rodgers 2001 write about methods as an umbrella term comprising approach, design, and procedure.
The sw is the name of a method of language teaching devised by caleb gattengo. Approaches and principles in english as a foreign language efl. Pdf the role of silent way method to english teaching in. If you havent watched the previous parts yet, have a look here. An inductive approach to grammar teaching is adopted. The use of the word silent is also significant, as silent way is based on the premise that the teacher should be as silent as possible in the classroom in order to encourage the learner to produce as much language as possible. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Thus, students need to develop independence from the teacher. Language teaching methods explores various methodologies of english language teaching. According to sidhakara, the silent way is based on a theory of learning and teaching rather than on a theory of language paragraph 1. The silent way sw was introduced by calep gatterno in the early 6. Second language teaching methods cal resource guide online.
Like the first edition, the second edition surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching, such as grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. Video class with the method the silent way larsenfreeman, diane. Audiolingual method language teaching methods teflnet. Dening methods like this leaves little alternative but to abandon the term altogether. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The approach encourages student selfresponsibility for learning the target language according to learning strategies selected by the student. Total physical response storytelling and the teaching of. Background the silent way it is based on premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in classroom and the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible jack c. It is the students who should be practicing the language, not the. The silent way is a method of language teaching, originated in the early 1970s. Community language learning teachingenglish british. The silent way is a languageteaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method.
Silent way method swm is a visual method of foreign language teaching which its main element is color ed wooden sti cks also called colored cuisenaire rods devised b y a linguist, caleb catte gno. For gattegno, the differences between firstand secondlanguage learning loom larger than the similarities, so that he is content to devise an artificial method. Communicative language teaching a functional approach since 1970s. Distinctive features of the language cannot be eliminated to accommodate alternative ways of. Teaching foreign languages in schools the silent way by. Nov 28, 2012 language ones that comprise of the natural approach and the total physical response. Pdf the role of silent way method to english teaching in a. The silent way shares a great deal with other learning theories and educational. Approaches and methods for foreign language teaching 29 the silent way caleb gattegno 12 characterized by a problemsolving approach. The method is based on student discovery with the instructor staying mainly silent.
Elt methodology theories language acquisition behaviorism. In this chapter, we discussed the theoretical principles behind the silent way in language teaching as well as the practical aspects of teaching according to this approach. Gattegnos silent way or currans counseling learning attracted so many attention in the 1970s in the us with the sanction of stevicks uncritical treatment of them in his books memory, meaning, and method 1976 and a way and ways 1980. Silent way approach, the focus was placed on creating activities that would 1 help students to notice and practice the essential pronunciation elements of the language, known in the silent way as the melody i. The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible.
The silent way introduction the silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno it is one of the innovative methods that emerged and shares some principles from the cognitive approach to language studies proposed by noam chomsky. The cognitive approach says that language learning is not. Silent way what it is by george ann gregory the term silent way comes from the principle of a lot of language and few words. Over time, the methods and approaches have evolved to theories of language acquisition and educational theory. Teaching foreign languages the silent way in caleb gattegnos silent way, discovery and awareness lead students to mastery of foreign language grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. The silent way methods in teaching and learning language. Teaching pronunciation as a core skill using the silent. Pdf in this chapter, we discussed the theoretical principles behind the silent way in language teaching as well as the practical aspects of teaching. The natural approach is a method of language teaching developed by stephen krashen and tracy terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The silent way theory of languagein gattegnos 1976 view, language is not just a series of vocabulary items to be memorized andor structures to be practiced, but also a functioning mechanism that develops as the student experiences it and uses it to express the self. Caleb gattegno is an europe educator, is well known for the use of colored sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his approach to the teaching of initial reading in which sounds are taught by colors. Decide whether the silent way is a viable method to use in the fore. Both were a reaction to the perceived failures of the grammar. Learning is facilitated if the learner discovers or creates. It is not usually considered a mainstream method in language education. The silent way student is expected to become independent, autonomous and responsible. Jun 17, 2014 methods such as audiolingual method alm, total physical response tpr, the direct method and silent way embody the behaviourist view of language learning brown h. The silent way chapter 6 approaches and methods in language.
If you want to become an expert, we recommend starting with gattegnos original book, teaching foreign languages in schools the silent way which is available for free online and then working your way up from there. Language is not learned by repeating after a model. The focus is on descriptive and authentic language. A concept endorsed by most language acquisition theorists is stephen krashens theory of second language acquisition. Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch. Lipotesi di apprendimento di gattegno sottolinea i seguenti punti. Video demonstration of audiolingual method by michael jerald. Within methodology, there is a precise distinction between methods and approaches. Conclusion feedback of the silent way activities 1 there are many reasons for the teachers silence in the silent way.
Approach language theory silent way takes a structural approach to the organization of language to be taught. See audiolingual method materials following commentary. As far as the presentation of language is concerned, silent way adopts a highly structural approach, with language. Gattegno s name is good known for his resurgence of involvement in the usage of colored wooden sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his series words in colour, an attack to the instruction of initial reading in which sounds are coded by specific colorss. It is based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners sh ould be encouraged to speak as much as possible 4.
Gattegnos name is well known for his revival of interest in the use of coloured wooden sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his series words in colour, an approach to the teaching of initial reading in which sounds are coded by specific colours. Teaching pronunciation using the silent way approach caleb gattegno, creator of the silent way approach, believed that every language has a spirit, and it is a language teachers responsibility to be true to the spirit of a language. Stage 5 language analysis i sometimes get students to analyse the language the same lesson or sometimes in the next lesson. The silent way chapter 6 approaches and methods in. Methods such as the silent way, counseling learning, the natural approach, and total physical response have in common the fact that each is an outcome and an application of a particular theory of language acquisition andor a particular pedagogical philosophy. The use of the silent way method of second language. Disadvantages the silent way is often criticized of being a harsh method. They are humanistic in the sense that they carry humanistic attitude and. In language instruction, a method is an establishment of teaching practices founded upon a certain theory of language. Stephen krashen university of southern california is an expert in the field of linguistics, specializing in theories of language acquisition and development. Pdf teaching foreign languages the silent way john pint. The audiolingual method suggestopedia the silent way total physical response the natural approach the communicative approach chapter for centuries, people have used formal education as a way to learn new languages. The name combines the terms suggestion and pedagogy, the main idea being that accelerated learning can take place when accompanied by desuggestion of psychological barriers and positive suggestion. Applied linguistics to foreign language teaching and learning.
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